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Areas of future research
Several areas of future research are warranted. These include variances in the outcomes of NASH
related cirrhosis in different parts of the world, the factors contributing to the development of clinically
meaningful outcomes in those with NASH related cirrhosis, development of predictive models,
particularly for HCC, and eventual development of strategies to prevent the complications described
above that drive liver related mortality. Furthermore, data on the impact of an anti-fibrotic strategy on
cirrhosis related outcomes are eagerly anticipated.

References
[1] Ekstedt M, Franzen LE, Mathiesen UL, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and

elevated liver enzymes. Hepatology 2006;44:865-873.
[2] Brunt EM, Belt PH, Wilson L, et al. Progression to bridging fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver

disease over 4 years in the NASH CRN. Hepatology 2013;58:496A.
[3] Speliotes EK, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Wu J, et al. Genome-wide association analysis identifies

variants associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that have distinct effects on metabolic
traits. PLoS Genet 2011;7:e1001324.
[4] Liu YL, Reeves HL, Burt AD, et al. TM6SF2 rs58542926 influences hepatic fibrosis progression
in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Commun 2014;5:4309.
[5] Sanyal AJ, Banas C, Sargeant C, et al. Similarities and differences in outcomes of cirrhosis due to
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatitis C. Hepatology 2006;43:682-689.
[6] Ascha MS, Hanouneh IA, Lopez R, et al. The incidence and risk factors of hepatocellular
carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2010;51:1972-1978.
[7] Sanyal A, Poklepovic A, Moyneur E, et al. Population-based risk factors and resource utilization
for HCC: US perspective. Curr Med Res Opin 2010;26:2183-2191.
[8] Wong RJ, Cheung R, Ahmed A. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the most rapidly growing indication
for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the U.S. Hepatology
2014;59:2188-2195.

106 Postgraduate Course Syllabus • Metabolic Liver Disease
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