Page 26 - NON-INVASIVE TESTS FOR EVALUATION OF LIVER DISEASE SEVERITY AND PROGNOSIS
P. 26
[200] Boursier J, de Ledinghen V, Zarski JP, Fouchard-Hubert I, Gallois Y, Oberti F, JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
et al. Comparison of eight diagnostic algorithms for liver fibrosis in
hepatitis C: new algorithms are more precise and entirely noninvasive. [221] Ekstedt M, Hagstrom H, Nasr P, Fredrikson M, Stal P, Kechagias S, et al.
Hepatology 2012;55:58–67. Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in
NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up. Hepatology 2014. http://
[201] Kim BK, Kim SU, Kim HS, Park JY, Ahn SH, Chon CY, et al. Prospective dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.27368.
validation of FibroTest in comparison with liver stiffness for predicting
liver fibrosis in Asian subjects with chronic hepatitis B. PLoS One [222] Angulo P, Bugianesi E, Bjornsson ES, Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Mills PR,
2012;7:e35825. Barrera F, et al. Simple noninvasive systems predict long-term outcomes of
patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2013;145:
[202] Wong GL, Chan HL, Choi PC, Chan AW, Yu Z, Lai JW, et al. Non-invasive e784.
algorithm of enhanced liver fibrosis and liver stiffness measurement with
transient elastography for advanced liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. [223] Kim D, Kim WR, Kim HJ, Therneau TM. Association between noninvasive
Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;39:197–208. fibrosis markers and mortality among adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease in the United States. Hepatology 2013;57:1357–1365.
[203] Trembling PM, Lampertico P, Parkes J, Tanwar S, Vigano M, Facchetti F, et al.
Performance of Enhanced Liver Fibrosis test and comparison with transient [224] Wong VW, Chu WC, Wong GL, Chan RS, Chim AM, Ong A, et al. Prevalence
elastography in the identification of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis in Hong Kong
hepatitis B infection. J Viral Hepat 2014;21:430–438. Chinese: a population study using proton-magnetic resonance spec-
troscopy and transient elastography. Gut 2012;61:409–415.
[204] Poynard T, Ingiliz P, Elkrief L, Munteanu M, Lebray P, Morra R, et al.
Concordance in a world without a gold standard: a new non-invasive [225] Dixon JB, Bhathal PS, O’Brien PE. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: predictors
methodology for improving accuracy of fibrosis markers. PLoS One of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis in the severely obese.
2008;3:e3857. Gastroenterology 2001;121:91–100.
[205] Boursier J, Vergniol J, Sawadogo A, Dakka T, Michalak S, Gallois Y, et al. The [226] Argo CK, Northup PG, Al-Osaimi AM, Caldwell SH. Systematic review of risk
combination of a blood test and Fibroscan improves the non-invasive factors for fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol
diagnosis of liver fibrosis. Liver Int 2009;29:1507–1515. 2009;51:371–379.
[206] Sebastiani G, Vario A, Guido M, Noventa F, Plebani M, Pistis R, et al. [227] Singh S, Allen AM, Wang Z, Prokop LJ, Murad MH, Loomba R. Fibrosis
Stepwise combination algorithms of non-invasive markers to diagnose progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver vs. nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a
significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 2006;44:686–693. systematic review and meta-analysis of paired-biopsy studies. Clin
Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;13:643–654, e9.
[207] Sebastiani G, Vario A, Guido M, Alberti A. Sequential algorithms combining
non-invasive markers and biopsy for the assessment of liver fibrosis in [228] Wong VW, Wong GL, Choi PC, Chan AW, Li MK, Chan HY, et al. Disease
chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2007;13:525–531. progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective study with
paired liver biopsies at 3 years. Gut 2010;59:969–974.
[208] Sebastiani G, Halfon P, Castera L, Pol S, Thomas DL, Mangia A, et al. SAFE
biopsy: a validated method for large-scale staging of liver fibrosis in [229] McPherson S, Hardy T, Henderson E, Burt AD, Day CP, Anstee QM. Evidence
chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2009;49:1821–1827. of NAFLD progression from steatosis to fibrosing-steatohepatitis using
paired biopsies: implications for prognosis and clinical management. J
[209] Bourliere M, Penaranda G, Renou C, Botta-Fridlund D, Tran A, Portal I, et al. Hepatol 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.11.034.
Validation and comparison of indexes for fibrosis and cirrhosis prediction
in chronic hepatitis C patients: proposal for a pragmatic approach [230] Pais R, Charlotte F, Fedchuk L, Bedossa P, Lebray P, Poynard T, et al. A
classification without liver biopsies. J Viral Hepat 2006;13:659–670. systematic review of follow-up biopsies reveals disease progression in
patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver. J Hepatol 2013;59:550–556.
[210] Sebastiani G, Halfon P, Castera L, Mangia A, Di Marco V, Pirisi M, et al.
Comparison of three algorithms of non-invasive markers of fibrosis in [231] European Association for the Study of Liver. EASL clinical practical
chronic hepatitis C. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012;35:92–104. guidelines: management of alcoholic liver disease. J Hepatol 2012;57:
399–420.
[211] Poynard T, de Ledinghen V, Zarski JP, Stanciu C, Munteanu M, Vergniol J,
et al. Relative performances of FibroTest, Fibroscan, and biopsy for the [232] Chrostek L, Panasiuk A. Liver fibrosis markers in alcoholic liver disease.
assessment of the stage of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:8018–8023.
a step toward the truth in the absence of a gold standard. J Hepatol
2012;56:541–548. [233] Parkes J, Guha IN, Harris S, Rosenberg WM, Roderick PJ. Systematic review
of the diagnostic performance of serum markers of liver fibrosis in
[212] Castera L, Sebastiani G, Le Bail B, de Ledinghen V, Couzigou P, Alberti A. alcoholic liver disease. Comp Hepatol 2012;11:5.
Prospective comparison of two algorithms combining non-invasive methods
for staging liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 2010;52: 191–198. [234] Naveau S, Gaude G, Asnacios A, Agostini H, Abella A, Barri-Ova N, et al.
Diagnostic and prognostic values of noninvasive biomarkers of fibrosis
[213] European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 2009;49:
Guidelines: management of hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol 97–105.
2014;60:392–420.
[235] Parkes J, Roderick P, Harris S, Day C, Mutimer D, Collier J, et al. Enhanced
[214] AASLD/IDSA/IAS–USA. Recommendations for testing, managing, and treat- liver fibrosis test can predict clinical outcomes in patients with chronic
ing hepatitis C; 2015 p. Accessed February liver disease. Gut 2010;59:1245–1251.
19.
[236] Pavlov CS, Casazza G, Nikolova D, Tsochatzis E, Burroughs AK, Ivashkin VT,
[215] Wong GL, Wong VW, Choi PC, Chan AW, Chim AM, Yiu KK, et al. Increased et al. Transient elastography for diagnosis of stages of hepatic fibrosis and
liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography in severe acute cirrhosis in people with alcoholic liver disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev
exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;24: 2015;1:CD010542.
1002–1007.
[237] EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases.
[216] Wong GL, Wong VW, Choi PC, Chan AW, Chim AM, Yiu KK, et al. J Hepatol 2009;51:237–267.
Clinical factors associated with liver stiffness in hepatitis B e antigen-
positive chronic hepatitis B patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7: [238] Farkkila M, Rautiainen H, Karkkainen P, Karvonen AL, Nurmi H, Niemela O.
227–233. Serological markers for monitoring disease progression in noncirrhotic
primary biliary cirrhosis on ursodeoxycholic acid therapy. Liver Int
[217] Wong GL, Wong VW, Choi PC, Chan AW, Chim AM, Yiu KK, et al. Evaluation 2008;28:787–797.
of alanine transaminase and hepatitis B virus DNA to predict liver cirrhosis
in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B using transient [239] Mayo MJ, Parkes J, Adams-Huet B, Combes B, Mills AS, Markin RS, et al.
elastography. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:3071–3081. Prediction of clinical outcomes in primary biliary cirrhosis by serum
enhanced liver fibrosis assay. Hepatology 2008;48:1549–1557.
[218] Papatheodoridis GV, Manolakopoulos S, Liaw YF, Lok A. Follow-up and
indications for liver biopsy in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus [240] Talwalkar JA. Current and emerging surrogate markers of hepatic fibrosis in
infection with persistently normal ALT: a systematic review. J Hepatol primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver Int 2008;28:761–763.
2012;57:196–202.
[241] Voumvouraki A, Koulentaki M, Notas G, Sfakianaki O, Kouroumalis E.
[219] Vernon G, Baranova A, Younossi ZM. Systematic review: the epidemiology Serum surrogate markers of liver fibrosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. Eur J
and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic Intern Med 2011;22:77–83.
steatohepatitis in adults. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;34:274–285.
[242] Floreani A, Cazzagon N, Martines D, Cavalletto L, Baldo V, Chemello L.
[220] Farrell GC, Wong VW, Chitturi S. NAFLD in Asia – As common and Performance and utility of transient elastography and noninvasive
important as in the West. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;10: markers of liver fibrosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. Dig Liver Dis 2011;
307–318. 43:887–892.
[243] Gomez-Dominguez E, Mendoza J, Garcia-Buey L, Trapero M, Gisbert JP,
Jones EA, et al. Transient elastography to assess hepatic fibrosis in primary
biliary cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;27:441–447.
Journal of Hepatology 2015 vol. xxx j xxx–xxx 25
Please cite this article in press as: EASL-ALEH Clinical Practice Guidelines: Non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis. J
Hepatol (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.04.006
et al. Comparison of eight diagnostic algorithms for liver fibrosis in
hepatitis C: new algorithms are more precise and entirely noninvasive. [221] Ekstedt M, Hagstrom H, Nasr P, Fredrikson M, Stal P, Kechagias S, et al.
Hepatology 2012;55:58–67. Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in
NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up. Hepatology 2014. http://
[201] Kim BK, Kim SU, Kim HS, Park JY, Ahn SH, Chon CY, et al. Prospective dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.27368.
validation of FibroTest in comparison with liver stiffness for predicting
liver fibrosis in Asian subjects with chronic hepatitis B. PLoS One [222] Angulo P, Bugianesi E, Bjornsson ES, Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Mills PR,
2012;7:e35825. Barrera F, et al. Simple noninvasive systems predict long-term outcomes of
patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2013;145:
[202] Wong GL, Chan HL, Choi PC, Chan AW, Yu Z, Lai JW, et al. Non-invasive e784.
algorithm of enhanced liver fibrosis and liver stiffness measurement with
transient elastography for advanced liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. [223] Kim D, Kim WR, Kim HJ, Therneau TM. Association between noninvasive
Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;39:197–208. fibrosis markers and mortality among adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease in the United States. Hepatology 2013;57:1357–1365.
[203] Trembling PM, Lampertico P, Parkes J, Tanwar S, Vigano M, Facchetti F, et al.
Performance of Enhanced Liver Fibrosis test and comparison with transient [224] Wong VW, Chu WC, Wong GL, Chan RS, Chim AM, Ong A, et al. Prevalence
elastography in the identification of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis in Hong Kong
hepatitis B infection. J Viral Hepat 2014;21:430–438. Chinese: a population study using proton-magnetic resonance spec-
troscopy and transient elastography. Gut 2012;61:409–415.
[204] Poynard T, Ingiliz P, Elkrief L, Munteanu M, Lebray P, Morra R, et al.
Concordance in a world without a gold standard: a new non-invasive [225] Dixon JB, Bhathal PS, O’Brien PE. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: predictors
methodology for improving accuracy of fibrosis markers. PLoS One of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis in the severely obese.
2008;3:e3857. Gastroenterology 2001;121:91–100.
[205] Boursier J, Vergniol J, Sawadogo A, Dakka T, Michalak S, Gallois Y, et al. The [226] Argo CK, Northup PG, Al-Osaimi AM, Caldwell SH. Systematic review of risk
combination of a blood test and Fibroscan improves the non-invasive factors for fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol
diagnosis of liver fibrosis. Liver Int 2009;29:1507–1515. 2009;51:371–379.
[206] Sebastiani G, Vario A, Guido M, Noventa F, Plebani M, Pistis R, et al. [227] Singh S, Allen AM, Wang Z, Prokop LJ, Murad MH, Loomba R. Fibrosis
Stepwise combination algorithms of non-invasive markers to diagnose progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver vs. nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a
significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 2006;44:686–693. systematic review and meta-analysis of paired-biopsy studies. Clin
Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;13:643–654, e9.
[207] Sebastiani G, Vario A, Guido M, Alberti A. Sequential algorithms combining
non-invasive markers and biopsy for the assessment of liver fibrosis in [228] Wong VW, Wong GL, Choi PC, Chan AW, Li MK, Chan HY, et al. Disease
chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2007;13:525–531. progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective study with
paired liver biopsies at 3 years. Gut 2010;59:969–974.
[208] Sebastiani G, Halfon P, Castera L, Pol S, Thomas DL, Mangia A, et al. SAFE
biopsy: a validated method for large-scale staging of liver fibrosis in [229] McPherson S, Hardy T, Henderson E, Burt AD, Day CP, Anstee QM. Evidence
chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2009;49:1821–1827. of NAFLD progression from steatosis to fibrosing-steatohepatitis using
paired biopsies: implications for prognosis and clinical management. J
[209] Bourliere M, Penaranda G, Renou C, Botta-Fridlund D, Tran A, Portal I, et al. Hepatol 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.11.034.
Validation and comparison of indexes for fibrosis and cirrhosis prediction
in chronic hepatitis C patients: proposal for a pragmatic approach [230] Pais R, Charlotte F, Fedchuk L, Bedossa P, Lebray P, Poynard T, et al. A
classification without liver biopsies. J Viral Hepat 2006;13:659–670. systematic review of follow-up biopsies reveals disease progression in
patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver. J Hepatol 2013;59:550–556.
[210] Sebastiani G, Halfon P, Castera L, Mangia A, Di Marco V, Pirisi M, et al.
Comparison of three algorithms of non-invasive markers of fibrosis in [231] European Association for the Study of Liver. EASL clinical practical
chronic hepatitis C. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012;35:92–104. guidelines: management of alcoholic liver disease. J Hepatol 2012;57:
399–420.
[211] Poynard T, de Ledinghen V, Zarski JP, Stanciu C, Munteanu M, Vergniol J,
et al. Relative performances of FibroTest, Fibroscan, and biopsy for the [232] Chrostek L, Panasiuk A. Liver fibrosis markers in alcoholic liver disease.
assessment of the stage of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:8018–8023.
a step toward the truth in the absence of a gold standard. J Hepatol
2012;56:541–548. [233] Parkes J, Guha IN, Harris S, Rosenberg WM, Roderick PJ. Systematic review
of the diagnostic performance of serum markers of liver fibrosis in
[212] Castera L, Sebastiani G, Le Bail B, de Ledinghen V, Couzigou P, Alberti A. alcoholic liver disease. Comp Hepatol 2012;11:5.
Prospective comparison of two algorithms combining non-invasive methods
for staging liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 2010;52: 191–198. [234] Naveau S, Gaude G, Asnacios A, Agostini H, Abella A, Barri-Ova N, et al.
Diagnostic and prognostic values of noninvasive biomarkers of fibrosis
[213] European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 2009;49:
Guidelines: management of hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol 97–105.
2014;60:392–420.
[235] Parkes J, Roderick P, Harris S, Day C, Mutimer D, Collier J, et al. Enhanced
[214] AASLD/IDSA/IAS–USA. Recommendations for testing, managing, and treat- liver fibrosis test can predict clinical outcomes in patients with chronic
ing hepatitis C; 2015
19.
[236] Pavlov CS, Casazza G, Nikolova D, Tsochatzis E, Burroughs AK, Ivashkin VT,
[215] Wong GL, Wong VW, Choi PC, Chan AW, Chim AM, Yiu KK, et al. Increased et al. Transient elastography for diagnosis of stages of hepatic fibrosis and
liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography in severe acute cirrhosis in people with alcoholic liver disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev
exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;24: 2015;1:CD010542.
1002–1007.
[237] EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases.
[216] Wong GL, Wong VW, Choi PC, Chan AW, Chim AM, Yiu KK, et al. J Hepatol 2009;51:237–267.
Clinical factors associated with liver stiffness in hepatitis B e antigen-
positive chronic hepatitis B patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7: [238] Farkkila M, Rautiainen H, Karkkainen P, Karvonen AL, Nurmi H, Niemela O.
227–233. Serological markers for monitoring disease progression in noncirrhotic
primary biliary cirrhosis on ursodeoxycholic acid therapy. Liver Int
[217] Wong GL, Wong VW, Choi PC, Chan AW, Chim AM, Yiu KK, et al. Evaluation 2008;28:787–797.
of alanine transaminase and hepatitis B virus DNA to predict liver cirrhosis
in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B using transient [239] Mayo MJ, Parkes J, Adams-Huet B, Combes B, Mills AS, Markin RS, et al.
elastography. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:3071–3081. Prediction of clinical outcomes in primary biliary cirrhosis by serum
enhanced liver fibrosis assay. Hepatology 2008;48:1549–1557.
[218] Papatheodoridis GV, Manolakopoulos S, Liaw YF, Lok A. Follow-up and
indications for liver biopsy in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus [240] Talwalkar JA. Current and emerging surrogate markers of hepatic fibrosis in
infection with persistently normal ALT: a systematic review. J Hepatol primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver Int 2008;28:761–763.
2012;57:196–202.
[241] Voumvouraki A, Koulentaki M, Notas G, Sfakianaki O, Kouroumalis E.
[219] Vernon G, Baranova A, Younossi ZM. Systematic review: the epidemiology Serum surrogate markers of liver fibrosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. Eur J
and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic Intern Med 2011;22:77–83.
steatohepatitis in adults. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;34:274–285.
[242] Floreani A, Cazzagon N, Martines D, Cavalletto L, Baldo V, Chemello L.
[220] Farrell GC, Wong VW, Chitturi S. NAFLD in Asia – As common and Performance and utility of transient elastography and noninvasive
important as in the West. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;10: markers of liver fibrosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. Dig Liver Dis 2011;
307–318. 43:887–892.
[243] Gomez-Dominguez E, Mendoza J, Garcia-Buey L, Trapero M, Gisbert JP,
Jones EA, et al. Transient elastography to assess hepatic fibrosis in primary
biliary cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;27:441–447.
Journal of Hepatology 2015 vol. xxx j xxx–xxx 25
Please cite this article in press as: EASL-ALEH Clinical Practice Guidelines: Non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis. J
Hepatol (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.04.006
