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References (*required reading)
[1] Gaggini M, Morelli M, Buzzigoli E, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its

connection with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
Nutrients 2013;5:1544-1560. *
[2] Bugianesi E, Gastaldelli A, Vanni E, et al. Insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease: sites and mechanisms. Diabetologia 2005;48:634-642.
[3] Blundell JE, Dulloo AG, Salvador J, et al. Beyond BMI--phenotyping the obesities. Obes Facts
2014;7:322-328.
[4] Gastaldelli A. Visceral Adipose Tissue and Ectopic Fat Deposition. In: Bray GA, Bouchard C,
editors. Handbook of Obesity. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press; 2014.
[5] Morelli M, Gaggini M, Daniele G, et al. Ectopic fat: the true culprit linking obesity and
cardiovascular disease? Thromb Haemost 2013;110:651-660.
[6] Bays H. Central obesity as a clinical marker of adiposopathy; increased visceral adiposity as a
surrogate marker for global fat dysfunction. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2014;21:345-
351. *
[7] Mei S, Ni HM, Manley S, et al. Differential roles of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids on
autophagy and apoptosis in hepatocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011;339:487-498.
[8] Kalhan SC, Guo L, Edmison J, et al. Plasma metabolomic profile in nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease. Metabolism 2011;60:404-413.
[9] Puri P,Wiest MM, Cheung O, et al.The plasma lipidomic signature of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Hepatology 2009;50:1827-1838.
[10] Lehmann R, Franken H, Dammeier S, et al. Circulating lysophosphatidylcholines are markers of
a metabolically benign nonalcoholic fatty liver. Diabetes Care 2013;36:2331-2338.
[11] Peter A, Kovarova M, Nadalin S, et al. PNPLA3 variant I148M is associated with altered hepatic
lipid composition in humans. Diabetologia 2014;57:2103-2107.
[12] Kechagias S, Ernersson A, Dahlqvist O, et al. Fast-food-based hyper-alimentation can induce rapid
and profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy subjects. Gut 2008;57:649-
654.
[13] Yki-Jarvinen H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a cause and a consequence of metabolic
syndrome. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014;2:901-910. *

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